HolyBooks.com – download free PDF e-books Download PDF's: holy books, sacred texts and spiritual PDF e-books in full length for free. Download the Bible, The Holy. If you have the question 'What are the books needed to clear IAS?' In your mind, we hope this post to clear all your doubts. Taking inputs from toppers, a detailed.

Coined the term xenoglossy in 1905. Xenoglossy ( ), also written xenoglossia ( ), sometimes also known as xenolalia, is the putative phenomenon in which a person is able to speak or write a language he or she could not have acquired by natural means. The words derive from ξένος ( xenos), 'foreigner' and γλῶσσα ( glōssa), 'tongue' or 'language'. The term xenoglossy was ostensibly coined by French in 1905.

Stories of xenoglossy are found in the Bible, and contemporary claims of xenoglossy have been made by parapsychologists and researchers such as. There is no scientific evidence that xenoglossy is an actual phenomenon. Contents • • • • • • • • History [ ] Stories of the abilities of certain individuals to read, write, speak, or understand a foreign language that appear in the Bible and other Christian religious literature went on to inspire similar accounts and stories during the Middle Ages. Claims of speaking foreign languages were made by Spiritualists in the 19th century, as well as by in the 20th century, but these did not hold up to scientific scrutiny. More recent claims of xenoglossy have come from reincarnation researchers who have alleged that individuals were able to recall a language spoken in a past life. Some reports of xenoglossy have surfaced in the popular press, such as Czech speedway rider who in September 2007 supposedly awoke after a crash and was able to converse in perfect English; however press reports of his fluency in English were based entirely on anecdotal stories told by his Czech teammates. Notable claims [ ] Ian Stevenson [ ] and psychiatrist at the University of Virginia claimed there were a handful of cases that suggested evidence of xenoglossy.

These included two where a subject under hypnosis could allegedly converse with people speaking the foreign language, instead of merely being able to recite foreign words., a linguist at the University of Michigan, reanalysed these cases, concluding that 'the linguistic evidence is too weak to provide support for the claims of xenoglossy'. • When Stevenson investigated an American housewife known as 'T. E' who exhibited the male personality of a Swedish farmer named 'Jensen Jacoby' while under hypnosis, he reported that the subject was able to converse in Swedish, albeit not fluently. However, Thomason's reanalysis concluded that 'Jensen' could not convincingly be claimed to speak Swedish; writing that though 'Jensen' had a total vocabulary of about 100 words, 'this is not very impressive when compared with the thousands of words known by any native speaker of any natural language, even taking into account the limited contexts in which Jensen spoke Swedish.' Thomason found that 'Jensen' gave no complex sentences, mostly giving one or two word answers, and concluded, '[Stevenson's] demonstration that there was no fraud in the case is convincing, but his claim that Jensen had the capacity to speak Swedish is not.'

Linguist William Samarin drew the same conclusion as Thomason. • Stevenson also investigated another American woman named Dolores Jay who exhibited the personality of a German teenage girl named 'Gretchen' while hypnotized. He claimed that the subject was able to converse in German. Thomason's reanalysis, while acknowledging that the evidence against fraud was convincing, concluded that 'Gretchen' could not converse fluently in German and that her speech was largely the repetition of German questions with different intonation, or of one or two words. Thomason found that the German vocabulary of 'Gretchen' was 'minute' and her pronunciation was 'spotty', adding that Dolores Jay had some previous exposure to German in TV programs and had looked at a German book. Samarin, a linguist from the has written that Stevenson had chosen to correspond with linguists in a selective and unprofessional manner. He noted that Stevenson corresponded with one linguist for a period of six years 'without raising any discussion about the kinds of thing that linguists would need to know.' Xf Keygen Mac.

He also wrote that most of Stevenson's collaborators were 'fellow believers' in the paranormal, starting with a preconceived notion. William Frawley in a review for Stevenson's Unlearned Language: New Studies in Xenoglossy (1984) wrote that he was too uncritically accepting of a paranormal interpretation of the cases.

In one case a female subject could only answer yes or no questions in German which Frawley found unimpressive. In another, the female subject could speak with a poor pronunciation. Frawley noted that she was raised on the language of (related to Bengali), had studied from which both Marathi and Bengali derive and was living in a town with thousands of. He concluded 'Stevenson does not consider enough linguistic evidence in these cases to warrant his metaphysics.' The psychologist David Lester also evaluated Stevenson's cases and wrote the subjects made grammatical mistakes, mispronounced words and did not show a wide vocabulary of words in foreign language, thus they cannot be considered evidence for xenoglossy.

Alfred Hulme [ ] In the early 20th century Alfred Hulme, a self-proclaimed, investigated a young girl named Ivy Carter Beaumont also known as 'Rosemary' from, who claimed to be under the influence of the personality of a Babylonian princess. Hulme was convinced she spoke in an dialect. However, according to linguist 'Several scholars examined the data independently and concluded that Hulme's analyses were grossly inaccurate. Hulme had confused Middle Egyptian and Late Egyptian [.] they also found evidence that he had falsified many results.' See also [ ] • • • References [ ]. Analogously pronounced entry xenophobic in (2003) [1917], Peter Roach, James Hartmann and Jane Setter, eds., English Pronouncing Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter () • Cf. Analogously pronounced entry xenophobia in (2003) [1917], Peter Roach, James Hartmann and Jane Setter, eds., English Pronouncing Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter () •.

•, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus • Zusne, Leonard; Jones, Warren. Anomalistic Psychology: A Study of Magical Thinking. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. The Encyclopedia of the Paranormal. Prometheus Books. • ^ (1 January 2007),, Visible Ink Press, pp. 359–, •.

Pseudoscience and the Paranormal. Prometheus Books. • Christine F. Cooper-Rompato (30 April 2011),, Penn State Press, • • • Samarin, William J. Review of Ian Stevenson Xenoglossy: A Review and Report of a Case.

• Samarin, William J. Xenoglossy: A Review and Report of a Case by Ian Stevenson.. • Frawley, William. Unlearned Language: New Studies in Xenoglossy by Ian Stevenson.. • Lester, David. Is There Life After Death? An Examination of the Empirical Evidence.

Language Myths, Mysteries and Magic. Palgrave Macmillan. Bibliography [ ] • Cooper-Rompato, Christine F. The Gift of Tongues: Women's Xenoglossia in the Later Middle Ages. Pennsylvania State University Press.

• Samarin, William J. Review of Ian Stevenson Xenoglossy: A Review and Report of a Case. Language 52: 270-274. • Stevenson, Ian.

(Second revised and enlarged edition 1974). University of Virginia Press. • Stevenson, Ian. Xenoglossy: A Review and Report of a Case.

Charlotte: University Press of Virginia. • Stevenson, Ian.

Unlearned Language: New Studies in Xenoglossy. University of Virginia Press. • Stevenson, Ian. Children Who Remember Previous Lives: A Quest of Reincarnation. McFarland & Company.

Language Myths, Mysteries and Magic. Palgrave Macmillan. Do you Remember Your Previous Life's Language in Your Present Incarnation? American Speech 59: 340-350. Past Tongues Remembered? The Skeptical Inquirer 11: 367-75.

The Encyclopedia of the Paranormal. Prometheus Books. External links [ ] Look up in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

If you have the question “What are the books needed to clear IAS?” in your mind, we hope this post to clear all your doubts. Taking inputs from toppers, a detailed list of the best IAS books available in the market as per the latest UPSC syllabus for each subject in Prelims and Mains is given below. Aspirants may click on each link to buy books online at discounted prices. Links to free IAS online study materials are also provided in this post (see the last section). Take maximum benefit of the same. All the best! Essential IAS Books For UPSC Prelims (Click on the links to buy online).

• (Essay Paper) • (Essay Paper) • (History – GS1) • OR (World History – GS1) •. (Indian Society – GS1) • (Arihant Manual – GS2) •. (Governance – GS2) •.

(Foreign Policy – GS2) •. (Foreign Policy – GS2) •. (Arihant Manual – GS3) •. (Internal Security – GS3) •.

(Internal Security – GS3) •. ( Ethics – GS4) •. ( Arihant Manual – GS4) PS: Many books for UPSC Civil Service Main Exam overlap with books recommended for Prelims, except the mentioned additional books for topics like Foreign Relations, Internal Security, Ethics etc. IAS Books for Optional Subjects and Additional Reference (Click on the links to buy online).

• (Open the link and scroll down). • (Open the link and scroll down). IAS Manuals and Previous Year Question Papers (Click on the links to buy online) • • •. (Revision) •. IAS Books in the Hindi Language For many of the books listed above, corresponding books in the Hindi language are available in the market. Hindi medium students may check the link to buy online at discounted prices.

Books for Other Exams (Click on the links to buy online) • • • • • Links to UPSC Books at online Stores! (Click on the links to buy online) •. Free Online Resources For IAS Prelims and Mains •.

ClearIAS Prelims Mock Test Series. As you may know, only when tested in an exam atmosphere with negative marking, you can improve the ability to deliver in the actual exam hall. By ClearIAS – in the new innovative platform which integrates learning with test-taking. You would be surprised to find how fast you can learn! Tips regarding IAS book selection • It’s not necessary to read 201-heavy-weight-books to clear!

But at the same time,. Considering the competition and vast syllabus, there is no doubt that UPSC exam preparation cannot be done without some essential books. • Quality books act as add-ons to your online preparation and help a lot in self-study. Concentrate on the recommended books mentioned on this website along with NCERT books for daily study. Use additional books as reference.

• Please note that we always try to update the list with most authentic books available in the market. But if you are running short of time to finish the syllabus before the exam, you may better focus on concise books instead of bulky ones. You can use then, which is a small book which covers almost all major points given in Modern India by Bipan Chandra. Similarly, you may just focus on, for culture topics. • ClearIAS.com publishes reviews on new IAS books in the market under our section. Publishers/authors can send us samples for review. Readers too can post the reviews about the UPSC books they bought in the comment section.

That will be helpful for other aspirants for book selection. • We keep updating this page when worth the time and money of candidate appear in the market. So come back to check this page again!

Dear Saraswathi, As we have stated in the post – – selection of the optional subject is a personal choice where the priority should be given to candidate’s interest, availability of materials (online and offline) and scope of guidance and peer study (if necessary). We do acknowledge the fact the Public Administration is a more popular optional than Electrical Engineering. But there are positives and negatives for both these subjects and you have to weigh the merits and demerits of the same, based on your background. Select Electrical Engineering only if you have genuine interest in it, and only if you are confident enough that you will get proper materials and guidance for the same. Guidance and materials for Pub Ad, are relatively easy to find.

But that does not mean that you should take Pub Ad. If possible, talk personally to candidates who wrote IAS mains taking these subjects as the optionals.

Go through the syllabus and past question papers of the same. We at ClearIAS.com is of the opinion that all optional subjects have equal chances of success as proved by many candidates hailing from diverse backgrounds.

Take a decision after thorough analysis. All the best! I want to know that what is the%age chances of clearing IAS for those having electrical eng as optional.is it dependent on no of candidates taking this as optionalis there any difference in checking of elect. Paper coz if my numerical is complete n answer is right then full marks will be given and from where the checker can cut the marks as in another subjects u have to write mostly stories.paras.

And chances of deducting marks are more.plz suggest some best books for elect.eng optional. Hi, I applied for UPSC IAS & IFS Pre exam of 2015. I didnt aaplied earlier for upsc exams. As per age criteria this is my first and last chance.

(GEN cat) I WANT TO CLEAR THIS EXAM ANY HOW Now only 50 days left to prepare I m working with PSU. Prestly i hav only 5- 6 hours daily to read book.

I opted agriculture as main sub. Now i m at very starting point to study for pre exam too. Book available with me Gs1& gs2 of arihant Some periodicals like civil services Front line, yojna etc from apr-15 to June-15. What should my strategy to crack this exam. Please rply Anjali •. Hello To Clear IAS Team, Wonderful Job for all the Aspirants and Web site Visitors.

I am planning to appear for UPSC exam for next to next year with all the best efforts required. As the UPSC pattern has changes in 2015, please guide me for the best books and topics in new syllabus. I acquired all the details available at your web site about books, upsc web site for syllabus and how to proceed as Beginner. I am choosing Physics and Hindi as Optional, physics on interest basis and Hindi as I am not left with any other language option.

Need guidance on Hindi Subject. I request you to guide me for other related aspects in the best possible way, if possible anyone can mail me the things to keep in mind for preparations and Sincerely, Prakhar Gupta Tel: +164 Email: Skype: prakhar0555 •. How to start preparations for Civil services? Why you should become a civil servant? How to select optional subject? How to read newspapers? When to join coaching?

What are the books required to be followed? Elaborate strategy for GS. Mltr This Is Who I Am Free Mp3 Download.

What to do when you are already doing a job? Mistakes that are usually done at the time of interview. Subject-wise analysis of CSAT and mains. Are there hints thrown by UPSC in the notification? Is coaching really required for becoming IAS? How far are the websites and other electronic media useful in the studies?

All these questions and many more are explained in a very lucid manner in an amazing book by Divey Sethi. CRACK CIVIL SERVICES IN FIRST ATTEMPT – •.

Hello ClearIAS I m a final year B.Tech student. I want to be IAS because its my dream but i m confused between selection of medium. I want to attempt my upsc exams in marathi because its my mothertounge and i am very compatible with it than english.

So i want to ask whether the quality material for preparation of Civil services is available in marathi?(if yes, please suggest some good books for preparation)Also can I choose history and geography as my elective for mains?and i have a good job offer from a multinational company so is it possible to prepare for civil services while doing job?please reply Regards •. Sir, this is Satish Kumar Boini, working as Sr. Clerk in Revenue Department, Odisha. I want to be a civil servant. Sir, I am to state that I have little time to prepare for the prestigious exam and it is very difficult to read between 9.00 a.m.

That I have to perform my office duties. And I am unable to take leave or to resign my current job due to my poor financial condition. Sir, if I will go through the books there will be very difficult to manage my time schedule. So, I want to emphasize only the free online notes from CLEARIAS. Is this a right decision? Sir, please suggest me how to study in this busy schedue and what to refer.

Kindly, suggest me my well wishers and I will be very thankful to them. Marathi Here are some help tools for tackling Marathi in the UPSC exams, ranging from the syllabus to reading list and other tips. These resources on Marathi also includes IAS Question Papers of Marathi. We wish you to adopt the best strategy and become successful.

We try our best to provide as many resources for your prepration as possible, but if you can add to this list please feel free to send us links or matter. Mains Syllabus of Marathi Question Papers of Marathi Suggested Strategy for Marathi Civil Service Exam Book for Marathi •. Hi Abhinav, To master each subject as per the requirements of UPSC Prelims and Mains, reading just one book for a subject may not be enough always. For example, for History – it’s always better to read the authoritative books for Ancient India, Medieval India and Modern India – each separate. This is the ideal case – if you have enough time. But for subjects like Polity, you can stick to just one book – either Polity by Laxmikanth or Polity by D.D.

But, remember, UPSC may not stick with just one book. They will ask from very diverse topics including the current affairs related to each subject. You can also refer toppers interview to know from how diverse books/materials they studied each subject.